Vim offers many ways to use the command-line tools available on your system when editing. You can:
The read (:r) command in Vim, reads the contents of a file and inserts it
into the current buffer after the current line. It can also read and insert the
output of a command, instead of a file. If the argument begins with !, it is
interpreted as a system command to be executed.
Say you want to insert the current date into the buffer. If the contents of the current buffer is,
Date:
Executing the following command in Vim’s command-line,
:r !date --iso
will result in
Date:
2020-04-23
You can then place the cursor back on the first line and type J to combine
the lines and get,
Date: 2020-04-23
The write (:w) command is usually used to write contents of the current
buffer to a file. Similar to read, write can write to the standard input of
a command instead of a file.
Say you have the following list of numbers in your buffer and you want to find their sum.
577
858
863
867
764
awk is a handy tool to process a set of lines and print some aggregate
information at the end of all lines. You can execute the below command in Vim’s
command-line,
:w !awk '{sum+=$1} END {print sum}'
and the sum will be printed as below.
:w !awk '{sum+=$1} END {print sum}'
3929
Press ENTER or type command to continue
Vim allows you to combine the above abilities and edit contents of a buffer using tools available on your system. You can also manipulate a subset of lines, instead of the entire buffer, using external tools. The selected lines are written to the standard input of the command and are subsequently replaced with the output of the command.
Say you have a markdown file with a list of names that you’d like to sort alphabetically.
The core members of this project are:
1. Harry
1. Christine
1. Mary
1. William
1. Daniel
Select the list of names in visual mode. Type : and you’ll see that the
command-line automatically starts with '<,'>, representing the range of lines
selected. Complete the command as below to sort the list of names in-place,
using your system’s sort command.
:'<,'> !sort
You can also place the cursor on the first item in the list and use a line range instead of selecting the lines in visual mode.
:.,+4 !sort
What if you want to insert the output of a command after a list of items,
without replacing the list itself? For example, in the previous example where
we computed the sum using awk, what if we want to insert the sum after the
list of numbers?
Select the lines containing numbers, visually, and execute,
:'<,'> !awk '{print; sum+=$1} END {print "Sum: " sum}'
This works exactly like the sorting example, and replaces the list of numbers
with the output of awk. We just got awk to print each original line back to
its output, thus retaining the original lines in buffer.
All opinions are my own. Copyright 2005 Chandra Sekar S.